The Difference between E-beam Evaporation and Thermal Evaporation

Evaporation is performed by heating a piece of material in a crucible. Both the crucible and the charge inside are heated to the desired temperature. Thus the crucible may contaminate the charge due to impurity diffusion from the crucible to the charge. However, some crucibles, such as PBN-made crucibles, are now of good purity. However, if you do not want to contaminate your charge, you should use each crucible to evaporate only one material type. Contamination-free crucibles are expensive, and they all have a range of temperature of use. For very high-temperature evaporation, sometimes the only choice of the crucible is graphite, and thus there is a significant probability of finding carbon in the material you evaporate.

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